Fifteen Vietnamese civilians were killed and four injured by the explosion of a mine on a country road 8 km west of Tuy Hòa, March 18, 1966.A mother became a victim of a landmine explosion and her daughter cried out beside the corpse.

About 15 Vietnamese civilians were killed and four others wounded in a landmine explosion on a rural road about 8 km west of Tuy Hoa in South Vietnam on March 18, l966. A mother was the victim of a landmine blast and her daughter cried out beside the corpse. Tuy Hoa is the capital of Phu Yen Province, located on the lower reaches of the Da Lang River in central Vietnam.

　During the Vietnam War, murders, kidnappings, torture and intimidation were routinely carried out in conflicts between the Viet Cong (VC) and the Vietnam People's Army (PAVN). It was estimated that the total number of South Vietnamese civilians killed by the VC/PAVN between 1954 and 1975 ranged from about 106,000 to 227,000. It cowed Vietnamese civilians, liquidated its opponents, demoralized South Vietnamese government officials, and boosted tax collection and propaganda activities. Fear showed the South Vietnamese government that it could not defend itself. In the early years of the Vietnam War, assassinations and similar terrorist activities were organized by the VC's Special Action Force, which was consolidated into the VC, reaching a strength of about 25,000 troops in 1970. In addition to targeted killings and kidnappings, the VC and PAVN frequently pushed into refugee camps and placed landmines on roads frequented by villagers. They were detonated when heavy vehicles passed by. They randomly shelled major cities with rockets of about 122mm. Large-scale terrorist incidents include the Đắk Sơn massacre, the Huế massacre, the Son Tra massacre, and the Thanh My massacre.

　The Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and the U.S. military also sniped and raided residents, and placed mines and traps in and around villages. Causing villagers to react and retaliate attacks quickly, the VC entered one village and forced the local population to support the revolution. The day after the terrorist information was conveyed to the district capital, American warplanes bombed the village and its church. PAVN/VC troops consistently denied any terrorist tactics, suggesting that from 1968 to 1972, about 80 percent of terrorist victims were civilians and only about 20 percent were government officials, police officers, Self-Defense Forces personnel, and pacification cadres. He suggested that only about 20% of the victims were civilians.

During the Cambodian Civil War, a young husband was murdered by artillery bombing in a street store in Som Lang, and his young wife moaned and wept beside his body.

During the Cambodian Civil War in Som Lang, a young husband was killed in a street store on the evening of January 13, 1998, after being caught up in the civil war. The body of the husband, who was killed instantly by a direct shell hit, lay on his back on the ground. Due to indiscriminate shelling, the young husband's upper body was bleeding from a deep cut wound. Beside the corpse, the young wife groaned and wept. The young wife shakily appealed to the Cambodians around her, "Remove the ring from my husband's finger. They were still newlyweds when they got married. The young wife asked the Cambodians around her to remove the ring from her husband's finger. The wife held her husband's ring in her palm and continued to cry out loudly.

　Hun Sen's army was attacking every day and Lanarit's army was resisting. Suddenly, the Lanarit army shelled Som Lang, where Hun Sen's army was stationed. In the midst of the bombardment, the residents immediately dug a hole in their yard and put their children in the hole, and the residents bent down. Only the rich and senior citizens were able to flee the country, but the weaker citizens were left behind on the battlefield. The Buddhist citizens, fearing civil war, gathered at temples to pray for peace. Indiscriminate shelling reached the hospital, and medical personnel left. The wounded soldiers were pulled back from the battlefield, but their bodies were left unattended. At the local crematoriums, bodies were burned all day long. The poor soldiers of the invading army also looted local houses, killing Cambodian citizens. During the fierce civil war, both Ranarit and senior officials, including Hun Sen, were evacuated from the country.

　On July 5, 1997, Cambodia's full-scale civil war broke out again and Hun Sen's army invaded Ranarit's army in the capital Phnom Penh. Immediately, the battlefield expanded to the vicinity of the northwestern border with Thailand. Many civilians were caught up in the civil war and lost their lives. In March 1970, during the Vietnam War, the pro-American Lon Nol military regime was established, and the civil war between the Khmer Rouge's Pol Pot army and Lon Nol's army clashed and spread throughout the country. The Lon Nol regime collapsed due to indiscriminate bombing and corruption; the Pol Pot regime was established in April 1975. In 1982, a coalition of Sihanouk, Pol Pot, and Song Sam factions was established. The civil war between the three coalition factions on the Thai border and the Heng Samrin faction continued; in 1993, the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) led a four-party general election in Cambodia, and the Pol Pot faction broke away; in 1995, the conflict between the Ranarit faction of the Hunsinpec Party and the Hun Sen faction of the People's Party intensified, and bombings became frequent. In 1998, the second National Assembly election resulted in the formation of the Hun Sen coalition government. Since then, Hun Sen's government has been re-elected in the 3rd (2003), 4th (2008), 5th (2013), and 6th (2018) National Assembly elections, and the long-term dictatorship has continued.

 

A young man and women were treated by hospital staff at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital in early October 1945 for the burn wounds suffered from Hiroshima atomic bomb.

A young man and woman were treated by hospital staff at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital in early October 1945 for wounds burned by the atomic bomb. Much of the medical resources in Hiroshima city had been destroyed, and treatment was limited. A first aid station was also set up at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital. Medical personnel applied iodine ointment, mercurochrome, zinc oxide and other ointments to burns and bandaged them. Medical supplies were soon exhausted, and according to official damage reports, the patients were treated with little more than cooking oil and bandages. Toyoko Kugata (far right), a 22-year-old A-bomb survivor, was treated at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital in October 1945. Toyoko Kugata was exposed to the atomic bombing about 1.7 kilometers south of the hypocenter, and commuted to the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital for treatment on a large eight-wheeled cart borrowed from a farmer next to her residence.

　　As medical supplies ran out, Hibakusha who had left the relief station or who had no relatives in the area applied cooking oil, sliced potatoes, grated cucumbers, and squeezed tomato juice to their burns. In the hot summer, flies would lay eggs in the wounds, so they were often treated by removing the maggots with chopsticks. Those who had burns on more than 30% of their body died from the wounds. Exposure to radiation from the atomic bomb slowed down the healing of the wounds significantly, and some of them took years to heal. In most cases, a scab forms and peels off after healing, often leaving a red rubbery lump of skin called a keloid. Hibakusha with burns on their faces have had difficulty finding marriage partners. Hibakusha with burns endured prejudice from those around them. Many of them continued to be prejudiced, saying that their burns smelled bad, that keloids were contagious, that they were called red devils, and that they felt sick at the sight of their burned skin. Some of the burned Hibakusha tried to hide their burns by wearing long-sleeved shirts and high necks even in the hot Japanese summer. Few of them survived without psychological scars. Those unfortunate survivors who were close to the hypocenter were, of course, charred corpses. 

In order to be accepted as a soldier in the American army, soldiers learned in military training how to kill to protect themselves by brutally stabbing their enemies to death with bayonets.

 My son was forced to go through basic military training in order to become a soldier in the U.S. Army during World War II. In military training, he learned how to kill and protect himself by brutally stabbing his enemies to death with a bayonet.

　A senior officer in the army gave these words to the mother of his son.

"I will tell you what it means to send your son to an army camp. Your son has been assigned to training at the Quartermaster Replacement Training Center at Camp Lee. Half of the training period was spent on basic military training, learning how to defend himself with a bayonet. They learned how to handle weapons and march with precision. The other half of the time was spent training the technicians of the paramilitary units as well."

The military is not all about training and studying. Soldiers need to be physically and mentally fit. Our training center has an extensive training program. There are many religious chapels, carefully chosen from all the major denominations.

Mandatory restrictions will be placed on my son's behavior. He is not allowed to go home on furlough except in case of emergency. The son will rise and go to bed at a regular and early hour. You need to have faith in the military just as you have faith in your son. Both son and mother will be able to play their part, as will the army, in eliminating the threat to democracy.

　With bayonets, the soldiers were forced to stab their enemies to death. The soldier lowered his gun in front of the cavalryman, and immediately afterwards, he feasted his dagger weapon. The bayonet replaced the faster and lighter weapon. The bayonet emerged in the late 16th century. The rifle club gave way to the stabbing bayonet. The bayonet consists of a blade of various shapes, double-edged and sharp at the tip. The bayonet functioned as both a knife and a dagger, and the rifle was loaded with the bayonet to attack.

　Due to military necessity, guns were reloaded and bayonets were mounted and fired. Even with the bayonet mounted, the blade was moved out of the line of fire and the bayonet was reloaded. They prevented the bayonet from being dislodged from the barrel of the rifle and secured it to the barrel of the rifle to prevent displacement. from the early 19th century, the first crimped bayonet was manufactured, with a long blade and a back straight and parallel to the blade. The bayonet-type saber was also compatible with rifles due to its long blade and distinctive shape. Adopted by European armies, bayonet-type sabers were equipped one after another. The bayonet for infantry was lengthened to cope with the reduced volume of fire and the impact of cavalry.

　The amount of shots fired by soldiers increased significantly, and cavalry lost its overwhelming advantage. from the early 20th century, large-scale mobile combat was replaced by positional warfare. Defensive facilities and artillery positions for bombardment became essential conditions for a soldier's survival on the battlefield. In the narrow trenches, short and easy to handle bayonets took their place. These days, bayonets are more like knives. This was accompanied by a tactical shift in the use of the bayonet as a weapon. Even during World War II, bayonets changed in shape, first from single-edged with a long tip, to triangular in cross-section with a sharp tip a few years later. The U.S. military bayonet adopted an even longer blade, which had the dual function of a bayonet and a drilling tool.

Photo of two casualties in the anarchist riot in Union Square of New York City. The photo was taken only 20 seconds after a bomb was thrown into a crowd.

Hundreds of police were repressed to disperse the crowd because the New York City Unemployed Congress was exercising their right to assemble in Union Square Park without their permission. Shortly thereafter, on March 29, 1908, Silverstein, one of two anarchists, Ignatz Hildebrand and Selig Silverstein, attempted to throw a bomb at the police. They were seen as the culprits, but unfortunately the crude bomb exploded at the moment they threw it. Hildebrand was killed instantly by the explosion. Silverstein had his hands and eyes blown off and died shortly after. This photo was taken about 20 seconds after he blew himself up with the crude bomb. Shortly before Silverstein's death, he said, "I came to the park to kill the police. I detest them. He confessed.

　In 1908, there were more than 100 cities in the U.S. with a population of more than 50,000. Not surprisingly, crime was an increasing concern. The cities were crowded with poor, disappointed immigrants. Corruption was widespread throughout the country in local governments and large corporations. Ford introduced the Model T automobile, making the number of cars more economically viable. The poor became both the source and the target of criminals. An anarchic movement grew, consisting of violent extremists, strongly influenced by ideology, and committed to overthrowing the government, which the poor hated.　

　The police were unable to contain the crime. Local and state police officers were poorly trained, poorly paid, and irrelevant. on September 6, 1901, anarchist Leon Czolgosz shot and killed President McKinley in Buffalo, New York. McKinley died eight days later, and President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in. Roosevelt believed that federal action was necessary to bring justice to industrial society.

　In 1906, Roosevelt appointed Charles Bonaparte (grandson of Napoleon) as the second Secretary of Justice. Bonaparte found that the police alone were inadequate to combat the growing problem of crime and corruption. American lawyers were searching for facts for investigators to file lawsuits. It was necessary for Bonaparte to hire a highly trained and advanced intelligence agency. The intelligence officer did not manage Bonaparte's own investigations, but reported directly to the head of the intelligence service.

　In May 1908, fearing that Roosevelt would overstep his executive authority, Congress banned the creation of intelligence agencies in all federal departments; on July 26, 1908, Bonaparte established a "regular team of experts" and ordered the Justice Department to refer most investigative cases to this intelligence agency. This intelligence agency initially consisted of nine well-trained intelligence investigators and twenty-five principal agents. 1935, it was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In 1935, the Bureau was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which was differentiated into the CIA, which was the overseas intelligence agency, and the FBI, which was mainly the domestic intelligence agency in the United States.

Crossing of river in the Ruhr: A US soldier belonging to the 29th Infantry Division lies dead on a potntoon bridge, killed by enemy fire from the far bank of the river near Julich, Feb 23, 1945.

During the Western Front of World War II, American troops crossed the river in the Rhineland near the Belgian border. In order to cross the Ruhr, a series of ironclads were built and a plank bridge was laid on top of them. On February 23, 1945, an American soldier was shot by the Germans on a bridge on the Ruhr River near Jülich during the final stages of the invasion of mainland Germany, and fell face down on the bridge and was killed. Helmets and rifles had fallen around him. The American soldier was shot dead by a German soldier when he was only about 10 meters away from the river bank.

　American troops executed Operation Queen to cross the Ruhr River from November 16 to December 16, 1944, in order to invade inside Germany, but were unable to cross the river. They were able to capture the Rhineland after indiscriminate air raids on Montfort in the Netherlands, which resulted in the loss of about 186 civilians. After that, we were able to cross the Ruhr starting in February 1945. They crossed the Ruhr River in western Germany and invaded the Siegfried Line.

　The defensive line by the Hürtgenwald forest flooded the entire Hürtgen Valley from the Schwamenaer Dam, making it the longest battle in the American army. It inflicted heavy casualties, costing the US Army about 24,000+ casualties and about 9,000 non-combat casualties. The German casualties were about 12,000 men killed or wounded; they captured the Schwamenaer Dam in February 1945, allowing them to cross the Ruhr.

　In World War II, the German border defense line built in the 1930s was the Siegfried Line, which was called the Western Wall. It stretched more than 630 kilometers from Craiw, on the Dutch border at the western edge of the former German Empire, to Weil am Rhein on the Swiss border. From September 1944 to March 1945, the Siegfried Line exposed the Allied forces to massive German attacks.

During the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the Japanese executed Chinese soldiers by beheading in the vicinity of the Daxing Mountains in Shanxi Province, leaving corpses strewn about.

In the Sino-Japanese War, around 1937, Japanese troops executed Chinese soldiers by beheading in the vicinity of 潞安城 in the Da Xing Mountains of Shanxi Province. The castle was littered with corpses of Chinese soldiers who had been beheaded or stabbed with bamboo spears by the Japanese. There was a stench of death in the air. In various parts of China, Japanese troops were executing Chinese prisoners of war by beheading. The moment a Chinese head was beheaded and blood splattered in a bang, the prisoner's body was reflexively thrown into the air in front of him.

　After World War II, many war criminals were executed by beheading from the Japanese army in China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific front, and after 1942, the Japanese army executed many Chinese prisoners of war. After 1942, the Japanese executed many Chinese prisoners of war. 20,000 of the Chinese POWs were repatriated to the Japanese mainland and taken to forced labor. About 15% of them died of malnutrition and other diseases.

　During the Sino-Japanese War, the only photos that were allowed by the Japanese military censors were those of Japanese soldiers hailing their victory. Civilians who possessed censored and unauthorized photos were severely punished by the military police. Most of the tragic war photos were not allowed to be taken during the war. The censorship was particularly severe during the war's annihilation and defeat, and all interviews and information gathering were forbidden. Even when photos were sent to the Japanese mainland, they were rarely published in the paper. Photographs that were inevitably rejected were not censored and were kept in a small amount of secrecy within the company. Because of their secrecy, the dates, places, and names of the photographs were unknown. In Japan, the Kempeitai and police sabers suppressed speech and reporting.

　The Army Ministerial Order of July 31, 1937, and the Navy Ministerial Order of August 16, 1937, strictly forbade the publication of any photographs that were disadvantageous or horrific to our military. After Japan's defeat after World War II, some Japanese magazines published old unauthorized photos of the Japanese invasion of China. These photos were indeed censored by the Japanese military and not allowed to be published. Conscientious Japanese people began to look back on the war of aggression, and in such a climate, it was only natural that old photos that were not good for the Japanese military would be published.

The Finnish Revolution : soldiers of White "Protective Corps" shoot down Red Guards during The Finnish Civil War (27 January – 15 May 1918).

 In the course of the Finnish Civil War, the White Army self-defense forces shot and killed the socialist Red Army Red Guards in 1918. In the areas occupied by the White Army, people were arrested for belonging to workers' organizations and the leaders of the organizations were shot. In Sveborg, public executions were carried out, machine guns were in operation for several hours each day, and about 200 people a day were shot with explosive rounds, sending chunks of flesh flying in all directions. In Helsinki, about 100 people were killed when White and German troops marched in front of workers' wives and children in a fierce urban battle. About 40 Red Army women who were armed were pulled out onto the ice and shot dead without trial. Thousands of Reds escaped at Tammafo, but about 2,000 were killed in the fighting and about 5,000 were taken prisoner. The White victors slaughtered the defeated Reds, and at Viipuri, some 600 Reds were lined up in three rows along the edge of the fortress moat and machine-gunned in cold blood. The number of people massacred was estimated to be between about 10,000 and 20,000. About 70,000 Red Army troops were held in concentration camps, and about 2,347 people died of disease in about 26 days.

　The Finnish Civil War broke out from January 27, 1918 to May 15, 1918. It was a civil war over the leadership and control of Finland during the transition from a grand duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent country. The civil war broke out as part of the national, political and social turmoil caused by the Eastern Front of World War I in Europe. The Finnish Civil War was fought between the "Red Army," led by the Social Democrats, and the "White Army," commanded by the non-socialist, conservative Senate. The paramilitary "Red Guards," composed of industrial and agricultural workers, dominated the cities and industrial areas of southern Finland. On the other hand, the paramilitary "White Guard," composed of peasants, middle class and upper class, dominated the rural areas in central and northern Finland.

　Finnish society was experiencing rapid population growth, industrialization, and urbanization, and a comprehensive labor movement was emerging. The country's political and administrative system was in a precarious stage of democratization and modernization, but the socioeconomic conditions of the people and their national cultural status were gradually improving. The collapse of the Russian Empire due to World War I led to a power struggle, militarization and a deepening of the crisis between the Finnish leftist labor movement and the Finnish conservatives.

　The Red Army was supplied with weapons by Soviet Russia in February 1918, and an all-out offensive failed; a White Army counter-offensive began in March and was reinforced by units of the German Imperial Army in April. The decisive military actions in this civil war were the Battles of Tampere and Viipuri, won by the White Army, and the Battles of Helsinki and Lahti, won by the Germans, leading to an all-out victory for the White and German armies. Both the Red Army and the White Army engaged in political terrorism. Many Red Army prisoners of war died of malnutrition and disease. In total, about 39,000 and 36,000 Finns died in the war.

　The Finns moved from the Russian government to the German sphere of influence and made plans to establish a German-led Finnish monarchy. This plan was abandoned when Germany was defeated in World War I, and Finland emerged as an independent and democratic republic. The civil war divided Finland for decades, but social compromises based on a long period of moderate political and religious culture, the outcome of World War I, and the economic recovery after the civil war reunited Finnish society.

During the Battle of Liaoyang in the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese forces attacking Shushanbao and Beidaisan were destroyed in a fierce battle, disposing of the huge number of bodies of slain Japanese soldiers.

During the Battle of Liaoyang in the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese troops attacked the Shushan Redoubt from August 30, 1904, and Beidaisan from the middle of the night on August 31, and were destroyed in a fierce battle. On the following day, September 1, at 1:00 p.m., the huge number of dead bodies of Japanese soldiers who were killed and scattered in the battlefield were disposed of. On August 30, the Japanese attacked the Russian positions east of Shushanbao. On August 30, the Japanese attacked the Russian positions to the east of Shushanbao, but due to the severe shortage of men, horses, materials, and ammunition, they could not sufficiently attack the strong enemy positions, and the tragic casualties of the assault troops increased. Japanese units that ran out of ammunition were unable to eliminate the Russian assault, and many Japanese soldiers were killed or wounded. The Japanese troops attacking at night were discovered by moonlight and came under fierce attack by the Russians.

　On August 28, the Japanese forces launched an all-out attack at the Battle of Liaoyang, and the first major battle of the Russo-Japanese War broke out between about 130,000 Japanese and 220,000 Russian troops. On September 1, the Russian forces from Shushanbao to Beidashan retreated from their positions and occupied the unoccupied Shushanbao. From September 1, the Russians counterattacked the Japanese troops that had crossed the Taishi River, but on September 3, the Russians gave up and retreated altogether. The Battle of Liaoyang ended with the Japanese army entering the city of Liaoyang. The casualties were 23,533 on the Japanese side and over 20,000 on the Russian side, totaling over 40,000 on both sides.

　On September 29, 1904, in order to replenish the military forces, the Conscription Ordinance was amended to allow for temporary call-ups until the time of war, if necessary due to an incident. The age of military service was extended from 18-32 years old to 18-37 years old. In March 1927, the Military Service Law was promulgated in place of the Conscription Order, and came into effect on December 1 of the same year. In March 1927, the Military Service Law was promulgated, replacing the Conscription Order, and went into effect on December 1, 1927. At the same time as the Military Service Law, the Army Muster Regulations and the Navy Muster Regulations were also promulgated, and the law was revised from conscription to muster. A call-up warrant is a warrant issued to an individual by the military to summon a person from the hometown as a soldier.

The keloids that had formed and swelled from the chest to the breasts of atomic bomb survivors exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb whose photographs were taken in February 1947 .

The keloid formation occurred on burned skin. Keloids that formed and swelled from the chest to the breasts of female atomic bomb survivors exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb were photographed in February 1947.

    The sequelae and genetic effects of the atomic bombs included the following atomic bomb diseases

   1) Keloids: In the center of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, near the hypocenter, victims who received significant primary burns or flame burns were injured simultaneously by the tremendous blast and radiation, and most of them died immediately or within the same day. They were at least near the end of Stage I. These secondary burns were similar in nature to those of flash fires, resembling grade 3 and grade 4 burns that cause significant damage to the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. These lesions were often associated with flash burns and took a long time to heal. The poor living conditions just before and after the end of the Pacific War also contributed to this long healing period. Burns festered, leading to delayed wound repair and the formation of thick scars in the subcutaneous tissue. The scar tissue shrank, resulting in deformity and functional impairment. These sequelae were more pronounced on the face, neck, and fingers.

　The majority of flash burns (primary burns), which occurred frequently in areas within about 2,000 to 3,000 meters of the hypocenter, initially healed in a relatively short time and resulted in the formation of simple, thin scars. This is a difference between the two groups. Bone maturation was studied in 1973 and included 556 children exposed in utero in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and a control group. It was found that epiphyseal closure of the hands progressed about 6 to 7 months later in boys and about 8 to 9 months later in girls than previously reported in healthy children.

   2) Adult life of in utero survivors: In 1973, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission reported on the late effects of in utero exposure. The A-bomb diseases observed in persons exposed to high doses of radiation in utero were: (1) retardation of growth and development (height, head circumference) and increased incidence of microcephaly; (2) increased mortality, especially in infants; (3) temporary decrease in antibody production; and (4) increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. However, there was no increase in the incidence of leukemia or cancer, nor was there any change in fertility or in the sex ratio of children born to exposed women.

    3) Microcephaly As for the frequency of microcephaly, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission found 33 cases of microcephaly among 169 prenatally exposed survivors in Hiroshima. These 33 cases included 15 cases of mental retardation, 18 cases of normal mental development, and 13 cases of head circumference more than 3 standard deviations smaller than the standard deviation. Among 183 children exposed in utero in Hiroshima, we found 33 cases of microcephaly; 14 of the 33 cases had a marked degree of microcephaly. With regard to children exposed in utero in Nagasaki, the authors noted that the average head circumference of high-dose survivors (within 1.5 km and more than 50 rads) was low. They reported microcephaly in 7 of 102 children exposed in utero within 2 km of the hypocenter in Nagasaki and in 5 of 173 children exposed 2 to 3 km from the hypocenter.