In 1904, in northern Manchuria, the Russians executed many pro-Japanese Manchurians by decapitation and decapitation. Manchurian executioners requested by the Russians tied the rebellious residents with ropes around their bodies and arms, then cut off their heads and decapitated them. The Russians thought that by openly cutting off the heads of rebellious Manchus, they would be able to suppress any opposition to the Russians among the Manchus. Russian soldiers and Manchurians crowded around the decapitated bodies of Manchurians. During the Russo-Japanese War (Feb. 8, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905), many residents of Manchuria (present-day northeastern China) sympathized or even agreed with the Japanese army. The Manchu population, which had become openly pro-Japanese against the Russian forces, rarely held their heads. The peasants of Manchuria complained about Russian colonization during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russian imperial government sent a defeating expedition from the Russian Empire to the Manchuria region.
From the latter half of the 19th century, Manchuria was caught up in the era of great expansion of Western colonies. The West, with its superior technology in arms, pressed China and Japan for unequal treaties and the opening of ports. Belonging to the Qing Dynasty in China, adjacent to the Korean peninsula, and blocked off from the Sea of Japan by a projection from Russia, Manchuria was not economically attractive and was not a target. The Russo-Japanese War was triggered by advances in transportation, including railroads and steam navigation. The natural environment of Manchuria favored the opening of ports in the central plains and the south. The decisive factor for the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War was the concurrent colonial policy chosen by China, Japan and Russia. The combination of new conditions in Manchuria - the security principle of colonization and the peace regime with an armed and well-equipped army - drew it into the vortex of a severe war. In other words, it was a small recreation of the European military system from 1871 to 1914. Between colonialism, tradism and securityism were intertwined and geographically juxtaposed with overlapping interactions; it was the two Far Eastern wars, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, that foreshadowed Europe's great wars after 1914.
Russia's military colonization of the Far East was almost entirely confined to Manchuria. Colonization broke out in three stages in a short period of time under specific circumstances: 1896 (Trans-Manchurian Railway), 1898 (Lushun, Dalny, and South Manchurian Railway), and 1900 (diffuse occupation against Yihe Dan). In particular, after acquiring the leased land in Liaodong and Lushun, it became the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway and a naval base. Russia's military colonization of Manchuria built an infrastructure of fighting resources for Europe. To avoid the ice in winter, they chose Lushun over Vladivostok. Built and reinforced for military purposes, Manchuria's railroads and ports reinforced colonial rule as a transport and food resource. During the Russo-Japanese War, Japan and Russia were supposed to withdraw from Manchuria militarily after the conclusion of the Treaty of Portsmouth (September 1905), but Japan reopened the South Manchurian Railway in 1906, which became a source of economic conflict. The relationship between military resources and economic activities became Manchukuo due to Japanese colonization in 1931, and the garrison base of the Kwantung Army became the industrial base of the country.
