Alexandreff, a Russian patient who surrendered in the Siege of Port Arthur, underwent a pathological examination of the corpse after his death from scurvy.

Alexandreff, a Russian patient who surrendered during the siege of Port Arthur, underwent pathological examination of his corpse after his death from scorbut (scurvy). A tumor-like growth protruded from the gingiva on the inner surface of the right and left maxillary molars. The surface was uneven. The neck was swollen. The patient had generalized edema, jaundice, hemolysis, spontaneous bleeding, convulsions, and fever. The anterior gingiva was swollen, gangrenous, and contaminated. Tumor of the right maxillary molar was observed between the dentition. Scorbut was discovered in 1932 when vitamin C was extracted and found to prevent scurvy in guinea pigs.

　On January 2, 1904, the Russians in Brusun Fortress lost their will to fight, begged for surrender, and opened the castle. The total number of wounded and sick in the castle reached about 17,000. However, the majority of them were "scorbut" patients. Scorbut is a rare disease in Japan. Even in other countries, the number of cases had been gradually decreasing in recent years. At that time, there was no definitive theory on the cause of the disease. At the same time as the fortress war broke out, nearly 10,000 patients were exposed. The medics were ordered to treat these patients, study the cause and pathology of scorbutic acid, and make progress in its treatment. Prevention methods were developed for future reference. A research team was dispatched to conduct bacteriological investigation and to carry out clinical and pathological anatomical research.

　Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which makes it difficult for the body to absorb iron and produce collagen. When the body does not produce enough collagen, the tissues begin to break down. Vitamin C deficiency begins to appear after about 8 to 12 weeks. Early signs include anorexia, weight loss, malaise, irritability, and lethargy; within one to three months, anemia, myalgia, bone pain, swelling, edema, petechiae, subcutaneous bleeding, corkscrew hairs, periodontal disease and tooth loss, poor wound healing, difficulty breathing, mood changes, and depression. It can be fatal with signs of generalized edema, severe jaundice, destruction of red blood cells known as hemolysis, sudden spontaneous bleeding, neuropathy, fever, and convulsions.

At the Battle of Verdun in World War I, German soldiers loaded and processed a large number of dead German soldiers on wagons.

A German soldier at the Battle of Verdun in World War I disposed of a huge number of dead German soldiers' bodies by loading them onto a wagon. It suggested German soldiers collecting dead bodies on the Verdun battlefield. The reason why the battle of Verdun was particularly tragic was that the battlefield was narrow and the front line was less than about 24 kilometers away, resulting in a huge increase in casualties. Soldiers were bombed to death on the spot without external wounds, and wounded by the scattered limbs of their comrades. Thousands of shells flew through the sky. The shells fell a little crazy and were covered with mud and blood. The whole trench was like a volcano and the exits were blocked with dead bodies.

　The Battle of Verdun was the most devastating and longest battle of the First World War. The war lasted from February 21, 1916 to December 19, 1916. The German and French armies fielded about 100+ corps. The two armies killed more than about 250,000 people and wounded about 700,000 more. The number of casualties was second only to the Battle of the Somme with over one million. The bloody men called the Battle of Verdun a meat grinder. This battle exhausted the German army. Then the French counterattacked, confiscating vast tracts of land in eastern Verdun one after another, and the Germans steadily withdrew. The Germans were unable to realize their plan to occupy Verdun and break through the southern road to Paris, and after exhausting their troops, they could not see an escape route and ultimately ended up defeated.

　The First World War broke out on July 28, 1914, and the opposing forces mobilized about 65 to 70 million soldiers. Between the beginning of August 1914 and November 1918, an average of more than 6,000 people died each day. In addition, about 17 million people were wounded in the war, of which about 4 million were completely disabled. Civilian casualties were also enormous, ranging from about 5 to 10 million. All the wars left a legacy of about 3 million soldier widows and about 6 million orphaned children.

　The casualties of the Battle of Verdun were brutal and unparalleled in human history. The industrialization of the situation raised the military power to a new level. The First World War also marked the end of entire empires and signalled to many unjust people the birth of a new world order. The Treaty of Versailles was criticized as humiliating or too harsh. The failure of the new order became a major factor in the spread of totalitarianism in Europe and a breeding ground for the even more disastrous World War II.

Japanese crucify Japanese Christians "guilt" for wanting the freedom of their country from Japan's iron grip.

Japanese military police executed Koreans involved in the 3.1 independence movement by crucifying them on a cross in Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do on January 1, 1919. During the 36 years of Japan-Korea annexation, the Japanese military police mercilessly tortured and massacred Korean independence activists. By the end of May, more than 1,500 demonstrations were held by about 2 million Koreans, many of which were suppressed by the Japanese military police. About 7,509 Koreans were massacred, about 15,849 injured, and about 46,303 arrested.

　From 1905, Korea was under Japanese military rule, and in 1910, it was formally annexed as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion. In Korea, the period of Japanese rule until 1945 was known as the Korean Annexation. There was widespread discontent in Korea against the strict suppression of the Japanese military. The Samil Independence Movement, also known as the Samil Movement, began on March 1, 1919, a little more than a month after the death of Emperor Gojong, when popular resentment led to mass protests and the proclamation of independence at Tapgol Park in the center of Seoul, the Korean capital. The park was also known as Pagoda Park. It soon spread across the country and became a series of demonstrations showing the independence of the Korean people from Japan.

　The death of Gojong, a strong supporter of Korean independence, brought many funeral crowds to the capital city of Seoul for his funeral on March 3. 33 leaders declared Korean independence on March 1, announcing a series of non-violent protests that began across the country. After presenting the proclamation, the 33 leaders called for copies of the proclamation to be given to activists across the country to explain to the police, and were immediately arrested. After that, the independence movement had no major leaders. The protesters were school children, housewives, farmers and artisans, as well as politicians, intellectuals and religious leaders. The Koreans continued to protest until April 15, but continued to be brutally suppressed by the Japanese who changed the way the Koreans were governed. The changes allowed a limited degree of freedom to the press, replacing the military police with civilians.

　This movement did not achieve national independence. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, which was crucial in unifying the nation, was established in Shanghai. The failure of the March 1st Movement greatly enhanced the rise of the Communist Party in North Korea. Today, March 1 is a national holiday in both South and North Korea.

After American B-52 bombing caused a Vietnamese child to be buried underground during the Vietnam War, his father pulled the child's corpse.

A young Vietnamese child was buried alive in the ground by American bombs during the Vietnam War. The first few times I experienced a B-52 attack, I shouted orders to escape, but lost control of my bodily functions due to fear. In most parts of North Vietnam, hospitals, schools, and churches were the only brick or cement buildings above the second floor that were bombed as military barracks. Everywhere in northern Vietnam, the North Vietnamese took control and bombed them as part of their food supply. The worst atrocities were caused by cluster bombs and anti-personnel bombs, releasing small bombs and killing evacuees due to problems in rescuing patients injured by the bombs because the steel was so small. Dropping the bombs on the ruins re-scarred the burnt foundations of the houses and smashed the piles of rubble, the roar of the B-52 explosions tore eardrums in an area about a kilometer away and left many inhabitants of the jungle permanently deaf.

　The Vietnam War did not spare children from the cruelty of war. The physical suffering caused by intense fighting and highly toxic chemical bombardment remains today. During the war, life became very difficult for children in both the North and South of Vietnam. Homes and schools were bombed and destroyed. Many children became homeless and had to move schools and teach classes after dark to avoid becoming targets of heavy bombing. Schools in the south moved locations three times in four months due to US air raids.

　In 1965, the Gulf of Tonkin incident became the pretext for the U.S. to send troops to Vietnam, and the Johnson administration executed Operation Rolling Thunder on North Vietnam. It forced a halt to the insurgency in South Vietnam and cut off supply lines. About 643,000 tons of bombs were dropped, destroying about 65% of North Vietnam's oil storage capacity, 59% of its power plants, 55% of its major bridges, 9,821 vehicles, and 1,966 railroad cars. Despite claims of bombing accuracy, an estimated 52,000 civilians were killed in the bombing of hospitals, schools, pagodas, agricultural cooperatives, fishing boats, embankments, and sanatoriums. In Nam Dinh, the third largest city in North Vietnam, there was no war-related production, and even the main silk and textile production disappeared. Vinh, with a population of about 72,000, was hit by some 4,131 attacks in four years, destroying nearly every house, 31 schools, universities, four hospitals, and two churches.

　Bombed at four times the rate of North Vietnam, the South Vietnam area was bombed about 21 million by the end of the war, resulting in about 1,544,624,000 square kilometers of defoliated forest area. There were no restrictions on bombing the South Vietnam area, and South Vietnam was endangered in 1967. The main purpose of the bombing was to push the Vietnamese masses into villages and some into cities. The phosphorus-laced napalm bombs became the terror of the masses, and some patients were so scarred from the napalm bombs that it became impossible to identify them as male or female. Phosphorus burns scorched skin and bones on the hands of children. He was overkilled by indiscriminate shelling of guerrillas in the outskirts of Saigon.　

　In the final years of the war, the strength of the U.S. military's anti-war campaign and insurgency made the Nixon administration dependent on air power to keep the war going.In the spring of 1972, some 55,000 tons of bombs were dropped per month to drive the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in North Vietnam to the negotiating table. It resulted in at least 500,000 civilian casualties, including more than about 5 million refugees. U.S. Air Force use in Indochina reached the level of genocide, a grave violation of the laws of war, laws that committed the U.S. After the Vietnam War ended on April 30, 1975, it was rebuilt, but the ecosystem was devastated and prospects for development were curtailed. 

The Vietnamese soldier was killed to be dead with the dream of a photograph of a lover in the Vietnam War.

Vietnamese lying together after being killed in the Vietnam War, dreaming of a picture of their lover.

Families cried for the mother who waisted and exhausted to be dead just before returning their home country.

Shortly after the end of the Pacific War, her mother died of exhaustion just before arriving back to her native Japan from Manchuria. Her family and the citizens who watched over her cried over her dead body.

The victims were sffered from Nagasaki atomic bomb to be living hell.

Hibakusha citizens suffering and writhing in agony from the powerful explosion of the atomic bomb in Nagasaki become a dough prison.

Civilians were driven to group self-suicides at the battle against Okinawa war.

In the Okinawa archipelago during the Pacific War, civilians died by mass suicide rather than by bombardment. In the Battle of Okinawa in the Japanese archipelago, civilians were caught in the crossfire and died not by shelling but by mass suicide.

The young man who was exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb died of leukemia during about one month.

A Japanese soldier who was exposed to the bomb about 1km from the hypocenter, and showing the acute symptoms such as hair loss, bleeding from the gum and purple spots by hypodermic bleeding. He died shortly after. Photo taken by Kenichi Kimura in the end of August, 1945.  

In the Pacific War Islands Japanese young soldiers were isolated, crushed and murdered.

In the islands of the Pacific War, all of the young Japanese soldiers were isolated, balled up and slaughtered. More than 200 Japanese soldiers alone were killed in a frenzied attack in the sandspit where the Tenaru River flows into Ironbottom Sound at Battle of Guadalcanal .